The eNotes Blog How to Make the Most of your Study AbroadExperience

How to Make the Most of your Study AbroadExperience Part 2 of   Another Kind of Green:  15 helpful tips  from our editorial intern on how  to prepare for and make the most of your time studying abroad. Once in a while when its good, itll feel like it should.   In John Mayers Song Stop this Train, Mayer compares life to a train thats moving too fast, wanting it to stop.   He acknowledges that every now and again there comes a time when everythings grooving.   If you tuned into my previous post, part 1 of Another Kind of Green, then you already know that while studying abroad everything feels like it should.   The experience is extremely amazing and provides great value to college students.   It is the most rewarding, gratifying, adventurous, and beneficial educational step Ive ever taken in my life.   Studying abroad requires careful planning before and during the trip.   Taking the right steps to prepare for studying abroad will ease your transition   and reduce the culture shock of integrating into a new environment and culture.   It can also ensure a good fit between yourself and the educational institution, and even more importantly the country.   By keeping in mind the following tips for the  before  and  during parts of your journey, you will be able to maximize your experience and keep on riding that train. Before 1. Research.  The fun kind.   Where do you want to go?   Talk to your friends, family, and school counselors.   Read peoples reviews of their past trips and experiences.   Think about your goals.   Are you comfortable with change and desire a completely new experience (think Moscow, Prague, Thailand)?   Or would you rather stay in a somewhat familiar environment with people speaking a language you understand (think Dublin, London, or Australia).   Picture yourself in that country as best you can and try to imagine if you have a smile on your face or not.   Go with your gut.   I chose to study in Rome because of its blend of history and modernity and because I am 50% Italian. 2. Research.  Still fun. Consider a study abroad program that will simplify the entire process for you.   They can provide access to housing, application to schools, the sending of transcripts, reviewing of the necessary documents before you go.   They have a wealth of knowledge and resources that you can tap into, and is also beneficial from an emergency and safety standpoint.   Being a part of a study abroad program also means you will instantly be a part of a solid base of other students who are just like you.   They are a little more expensive than going on your own, however.   I ended up choosing the SAI program because of the convenient services they provided. 3. Research. A  little less fun. If you are not going to be a part of a study abroad program, find a university that fulfills your needs.   Do you need course credit?   Will your grades transfer to your home university GPA?   These things matter.   Check with your school to see if they have a study abroad program or connection with schools abroad.   I ended up electing to NOT study abroad through the UC program offered by my school, and went to a school my study abroad program recommended.   I took fun elective classes such as web design and entrepreneurship because I didnt need to fulfill any requirements. 4. Budget.  This will affect your entire trip.   First of all, you need to save a considerable amount of money to pay for your airfare, education, housing, food, activities, trips, etc.   Ive witnessed people who didnt save enough and couldnt go on any trips, go out at night, or eat more than one meal a day because they ran out of money.   Second, find a way that you will obtain  the local currency when you are abroad.   Flexible debit cards that allow you to withdraw from a number of ATMs with little or no withdrawal fees are perfect for taking with you.   Keep in mind also that many credit cards have a surcharge fee for all purchases outside of the US.   I brought over a considerable amount of Euros with me, and only had to make a couple of ATM withdrawals once in Italy.   I also used an American Express to avoid any surcharges when paying with card (which is accepted less in Europe). 5. Get the paperwork over with.   Fill out any and all forms required for your trip.   Do this way in advance so you are not stressed near your departure.   Passports can take a long time to come in the mail, and the same with receiving your student VISA. 6. Pack appropriately.  And smartly.   Dont bring bathing suits and tank tops if youre going to a cold place.   You dont want your attire to scream HEY, IM AMERICAN! either.   That can be a good way to attract   pickpocketers and other troublemakers.   Pack items that are flexible and match well with several other items.   I recommend packing extra towels and DONT recommend packing items you think you will only wear once or twice.   Make sure to stock up on any prescriptions or favorite grooming products, as you will likely not find these wherever youre going.   I made several trips to the mall to purchase nicer clothes to try to match the fashionable Italians. 7. Reach out to roommates.   Its nice to have someones contact and already be familiar with a face when you arrive.   Everything will be so new, and going through that with someone can make everything easier. I Facebook messaged two of my roommates to introduce myself (both of whom didnt respondbut I became close with them once I was there). 8. Stay linked to home.  Set up a way to keep in contact with friends and family from home.   Facebook and iMessage are the most convenient ways of doing this.   Bringing an iPhone or other wi-fi capable device will provide you access to any wireless network even if you dont have cell or data service.   A simple international phone that has calling and texting is useful for emergencies and calling people when you really need to.   You can save on expensive rates by using apps such as Viber, WhatsApp, and Tango for free calls and texts. 9. Learn the language.   This obviously only applies to those going to a non-English speaking country.   Having a little knowledge of the language and learning a few key words can really help you out and lower your stress level once you arrive, and its also a cool trait to have that your friends will value.   Rosetta Stone is a great option for tackling the basics of a language before you depart.   I bought the first level of Italian and pretty much completed it, and found it really gave me a head start on everyone in learning some useful and common expressions.   Also, I recommend using Google Maps and the street view feature to become accustomed with a couple streets around your school and housing.   Once youre there, youll recognize key landmarks and decrease your chance of being lost (also is another good trait to have that friends value). 10. Be open to new things.   Your study abroad experience largely depends on your mindset.   Go in with an open attitude and the will to experience new things. During 1. Cycle over.  Ã‚  You made it to your destination.   The planning and travel is over, and now its time to enjoy it.   Y0u may find this difficult because you are extremely tired and jet lagged.   Try to cycle over and force yourself to go to sleep and wake up at the appropriate hours.   If you arrive during the day, stay awake until its at least dark.   Bring melatonin  and take it for the first week.   It is a natural supplement that helps you stay asleep and get the deep sleep that is crucial to cycling over quickly.   I used this throughout my trip as my sleeping patterns were often inconsistent due to travel. 2. Find the necessities.   Talk to people or walk around and discover a grocery store, dry cleaner/fluff-and-fold, coffee shop, bar, cheap restaurant, late night restaurant, and gym.   Knowing these landmarks from the beginning will give you a general knowledge of places that will come in handy for the rest of your trip.   Also, find a buddy and an emergency contact right away.   Do these things ASAP, or else you will put them off and become too busy to do them later.   I didnt find a gym for a week or so, but my friends and I used things in our room like suitcases and potted plants to get a scrappy at-home workout (pictured to the right). 3. Get comfortable.   For the first couple weeks, just become comfortable with yourself in your new atmosphere.   Be yourself and make friends naturally.   Its okay if these friends mostly are Americansyou can eventually integrate yourself further into the culture and make friends with the natives.   I highly recommend branching out though at some point.   You will surely have the most fun and learn the most about the culture, food, and fun places from native students.   The last third of my trip I really started hanging out with Italians, and it totally changed my experience for the better. 4. Research, again.  Now that youre there, youll start to hear people talk about all the places they want to visit on the weekends.   I recommend planning these trips early.   The advantage to this is that it reduces your stress and helps you save on airfare.   The disadvantage is that its not obvious yet who you want to go on these trips with.   The best way to find cheap flights is skyscanner.net.   Dont use the round-trip option.   You can sometimes find better deals if you get two one-way flights.   Also, coming back early Monday morning (6:00am) before class is often the cheapest option.   Youll end up sleeping at the airport, but saving a bunch of money.   I still remember the four of five early mornings sleeping sprawled out across the terminal floor.   The app TripIt is a great tool to use to organize your trip information. As far as places to go, try to visit a wide variety of destinations.   Coastal trips are attractive, but mix in some that have a different feel as well.   My favorite trips were Ireland and Switzerland. 5. Relax, and enjoy.   This is your time and you can do what you want with it.   Take care of your studies, but really explore this new home and live it to the fullest.   It will be over in the blink of an eye and youll say I cant believe I just spent four months here.   I stopped making to-do lists and really tried to be as free as possible.   Be adventurous and try things you havent before.   Get comfortable, but not too comfortable.   You want to feel at home, but you should also continue to discover new things.   I had a great time and found some beautiful sights just walking around the streets of Trastevere on my own after class. Related articles Another Kind of Green: How Studying Abroad Can Improve Your College Experience ()

The New Narcissism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The New Narcissism - Essay Example In his view, the structure has gradually come to be prime psychological diagnosis in contemporary life. Lasch expresses that most of modern societies tend to recognize individuals based on a hierarchical relationship that is usually expressed as in form of symbols such as material wealth and a self-indulgent lifestyle. In these societies, relationship to other is therefore based and determined by the ability to compete with others on acquiring these symbols. Consequently, these societies regard personality as a means to fostering communication as well as breeding callous competition. Similarly, due to the fact that every person in these societies is focused on acquiring the relationship symbols, most actions done are usually ignored irrespective of their legality thereby conforming to the Narcissist traits of neuroticism, passive aggressiveness or obsession to a point of being a bully or an opportunist (Lasch). Another theme that is clearly presented in Lasch’s idea of narcissism in the society is that pertaining to disregard of the elderly within contemporary narcissist societies. This is possibly because such societies tend to perceive ageing as a sign of weakness in the competition that exists within such societies. The same case also applies to those having ill health. Their vast knowledge and wisdom of life is similarly ignored or is considered irrelevant, which is a pathway to their isolation within the society. In other words, such a culture tends to undervalue old experience and instead places more emphasis on physical strength and agility such that their definition of productivity exclude the old generation (Lasch). Lasch also presents another issue of the perception of women by men in these new narcissists’ societies. He presents that most women have come to resent men perhaps sue to the constant discrimination that the

Discussion 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 13 - Essay Example Inheritance of variation (that made the previous generation successful) by the offspring further strengthen their chances of successful survival. According to Darwin, these modifications multiply in the inhabitants, thereby changing the entire population and such change is the evolution ("Charles Darwin & Evolution"). Considering the fact that more progeny is an indication of better genetic pool, however, it does not hold true in the case of human population. Human population far outnumber any other species of the planet. As resources are limited on the planet to meet the demands of the escalating population, a check mechanism has to be implemented in the form of less progeny. This will aid in better chances of survival of humans together with other plant and animal species on the planet and prevent the occurrence of other natural disasters in the form of global warming, landscapes, earthquakes, pollution of land, air, water and episodes of various dreaded diseases such as swine flu. Hence augmentation in human population is not

POV’s and Traffic Tickets Essay Example for Free

POV’s and Traffic Tickets Essay There are quite a few soldiers in Oahu, Hawaii that own POV’s (Personally Owned Vehicles), but many do not know the risk behind owning such dangerous tools. Yes, a POV is typically used as a form of transportation, but more reckless behavior tends to be the trend among younger soldiers. Reckless behavior such as texting and driving, drinking and driving, eating and driving, sleeping and driving, not wearing seatbelts, but the most dangerous of these behaviors is racing or speeding. As described previously young soldiers tend to show many signs of reckless driving one of which was racing or speeding, but you may ask yourself why racing and speeding? What reason might soldiers, especially younger ones, have for racing or speeding? Well it is quite simple. Many young soldiers have not fully POV’s and Traffic Tickets

Irving Washington, The History of New York Essay examples -- LIterary

Irving Washington was born in 1783 in New York into a large family where he was the youngest of eleven children. He started his career from a law office feeling that it was a job not to his heart content. Being light-hearted and sardonic in his nature he attempted to write for the journal of his brother Peter called â€Å"The Morning Chronicle†. Later Irving and Peter thought of creating a high-quality literary mockery. Originally the text intended nothing else but a satire upon the â€Å"Picture of New York† by Dr. Samuel Mitchell whose text was rather boastful of erudition and pedantry; however, it turned out to be different from the original perspective broadening the scope of interpretative thinking over to history and philosophy as two great narratives. The text was published December 6, 1809 in New York when Irving Washington was 26 and brought him considerable critical acclaim. Worth mentioning are the two timelines: the actual historical timeline of the story which embraces the first two decades of the XVII century. Literary selection suggested revolves around a historical episode of purchase of New York (namely Manhattan Island) from the Indians and further life of the Dutchmen. In 1626 Peter Menuit arrived at the colony called New Amsterdam to govern as well as take part in educational and religious activities of the settlers. The first priority for the governor to realize was a purchase of the Island of Manhattan. The estimated sum of transaction was twenty-four dollars, which Irving Washington calls â€Å"a measure almost unparalleled in the annals of discovery and colonization† (Tuttleton, 1993, p. 209-212). The second timeline is actually tangible through the author’s voice within the frame of narration, as he comes from two... ... The other side of the conflict is never articulated, thus suppressed, kept silent and, therefore, eliminated, which makes the entire concept of conflict as a productive means of history. Irving Washington wrote the text looking back two centuries. Apart from being a satire it deconstructs the concept of history by devaluation of the conflict via removal of one of its constituents or dehumanization of it which is one of the main implied themes of the story. Works Cited Aderman, Ralph. M. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. // John G. Lockhart. Review of Knickerbocker’s History of New York. G.K. Hall & Co., 1990. P. 50. Irving, Washington. A History of New York: Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. NY: the Library of Congress, 1983. P. 449-55. Tuttleton, James W. Washington Irving: the Critical Reaction. AMS Press, 1993. P. 209-212. Irving Washington, The History of New York Essay examples -- LIterary Irving Washington was born in 1783 in New York into a large family where he was the youngest of eleven children. He started his career from a law office feeling that it was a job not to his heart content. Being light-hearted and sardonic in his nature he attempted to write for the journal of his brother Peter called â€Å"The Morning Chronicle†. Later Irving and Peter thought of creating a high-quality literary mockery. Originally the text intended nothing else but a satire upon the â€Å"Picture of New York† by Dr. Samuel Mitchell whose text was rather boastful of erudition and pedantry; however, it turned out to be different from the original perspective broadening the scope of interpretative thinking over to history and philosophy as two great narratives. The text was published December 6, 1809 in New York when Irving Washington was 26 and brought him considerable critical acclaim. Worth mentioning are the two timelines: the actual historical timeline of the story which embraces the first two decades of the XVII century. Literary selection suggested revolves around a historical episode of purchase of New York (namely Manhattan Island) from the Indians and further life of the Dutchmen. In 1626 Peter Menuit arrived at the colony called New Amsterdam to govern as well as take part in educational and religious activities of the settlers. The first priority for the governor to realize was a purchase of the Island of Manhattan. The estimated sum of transaction was twenty-four dollars, which Irving Washington calls â€Å"a measure almost unparalleled in the annals of discovery and colonization† (Tuttleton, 1993, p. 209-212). The second timeline is actually tangible through the author’s voice within the frame of narration, as he comes from two... ... The other side of the conflict is never articulated, thus suppressed, kept silent and, therefore, eliminated, which makes the entire concept of conflict as a productive means of history. Irving Washington wrote the text looking back two centuries. Apart from being a satire it deconstructs the concept of history by devaluation of the conflict via removal of one of its constituents or dehumanization of it which is one of the main implied themes of the story. Works Cited Aderman, Ralph. M. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. // John G. Lockhart. Review of Knickerbocker’s History of New York. G.K. Hall & Co., 1990. P. 50. Irving, Washington. A History of New York: Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. NY: the Library of Congress, 1983. P. 449-55. Tuttleton, James W. Washington Irving: the Critical Reaction. AMS Press, 1993. P. 209-212.

Assess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Functionalist Approach to Society Essay

Functionalism is seen as a macro-scale approach to society; it sees society as a whole rather than looking at parts of it. Due to this, functionalism sees society as a body (organic analogy), all the institutions work together to make society. This is particularly useful when observing society in order to understand the way in which it functions and the way in which all the institutions (organic analogy: organs within the body) work together to sustain society as a whole. Functionalism being a macro-scale approach is therefore seen as a strength as it allows functionalist sociologists to observe society, and its institutions, as a whole. Functionalism is also seen as a consensus theory, it sees society as fair and just, and it acknowledges that many societies, including the majority of western ones, have democracy and all individuals within a particular society share the same or similar norms and values. This could therefore be seen as a strength as it acknowledges that democracy does exist in many societies. However, as functionalism is a macro-scale approach and sees society as a whole, it could miss crucial factors/ groups which contribute to the functioning of society; these include small groups and tribes, such as gipsies. Not acknowledging these minority groups within society could lead to functionalist sociologists lacking crucial information about how society functions and how minority groups live within a large society. This could therefore be seen as a weakness of functionalism as it fails to acknowledge that there are minority groups within society. Also, as functionalism is a consensus theory where all individuals within a particular society share the same or similar norms and values and sees society as being fair and just; however, it fails to acknowledge that there are inequalities within society, these inequalities could be present amounts social class, gender or ethnicity. However, other approaches, such as Marxism and Feminism acknowledge that there are inequalities within society which raises the question as to whether functionalism is the most appropriate approach to use when studying society. This is therefore seen as a weakness of functionalism as society does have many inequalities which functionalism fails to acknowledge. Talcott Parsons, a functionalist sociologist who elaborated on Durkheim’s work about society and its functions, claimed that society is like an organism, in particular, the human body. He argued that all institutions, such as the family and the education system, within society function together to maintain society just as the organs within a human body work together to maintain life. In particular, Parsons identified three similarities between the human body and society; he claimed that they were both systems within themselves – all the parts of a body and the institutions within society fit together in fixed ways. He also identified that these ‘systems’ have needs – the human body needs nutrition to help it sustain life, whereas society needs adequate socialisation in order for society to continue functioning in the way that it does. Parsons also stated that both the human body and society have functions – the functions of the systems within the human body ensure that the body’s needs are meet thus maintaining life; whereas, in society, the economy functions to maintain the social system. As parsons’ analogy helps sociologists to better understand the way in which institutions in society work together to maintain a ‘healthy’ society, it can be seen as a strength of functionalism as it helps to structure sociologists’ perceptions about how society functions. Parsons also identified four needs of society and how they are met. He claimed that society needs adaptation, this is where the material needs of society are met; for example, individuals within society work in order to gain their wages which in turn provides for their material needs. He also argued that society needs goal attainment – society needs to set goals and achieve them; this need is met via the political – political leaders set goals for society to achieve and these goals help to improve society. Integration is another need which Parsons identified, this is where cohesion between the different institutions, such as the family and education system, is promoted; this is done to avoid chaos and conflict. Latency is also needed by society, this refers to the way in which individuals cope with problems in society – they may turn to religion to reduce the strain which has been put on them by society. These needs which Parsons identified can be seen as a strength of society as they help sociologists to understand what society needs in order to function adequately. However, functionalist sociologist, Merton disagreed with the needs which Parsons identified. Merton claims that Parsons ignored the fact that there are institutions within society that can be dysfunctional, for example, religion can form cohesion but can also cause divisions within society. According to Merton, Parsons failed to acknowledge this. Merton also argues that Parsons fails to differentiate between intended (manifest) and unintended (latent) functions within society and therefore, Parsons’ idea about the needs and functions of society are very simplistic. Merton also criticises Parsons’ idea about indispensability, he assumes that everything is necessary in the way that it is; for example, children can only be socialised adequately in a two parent, nuclear family, however, Merton rejects this claim as he argues that adequate socialisation can occur even within a single parent family. Due to Merton’s arguments, some aspects of functionalism, such as the needs and functions of society, are seen as a weakness of society. There are also other criticisms of functionalism; it’s argued that functionalism explains the effects before the causes. For example, functionalism claims that children need to socialised (this is the effect) and therefore the family exists (this is the cause). Due to this, may sociologists argue that the functionalism approach is not one which can be used to explain society properly. Also, Marxist sociologists argue that functionalism has failed to explain conflict and change within society; the approach claims that society is harmonious and built on consensus. However, Marxist and Feminist sociologists argue that exploitation and inequality do exist in many forms, such as social class and gender inequality; however, functionalism has failed to acknowledge this and is therefore considered to be an approach which has traditional ideology which is outdated. This therefore shows flaws to the functionalist approach and therefore points out the weaknesses within the functionalist approach. Overall, in conclusion, the functionalist approach has many strengths and weaknesses about the way in which society functions and the needs it requires. It strengths are seen in the way in which it explains the basic needs and function of society, these explanations can be used by other sociologists to improve and maintain an adequate society. However, other approaches, such as Marxism and Feminism have criticised functionalism due to its lack of acknowledgment of exploitation and inequality which occurs within society. However, overall, it is a balanced argument.

Ian Brady and Myra Hindley and the Moors Murders

In the 1960s, Ian Brady and his girlfriend, Myra Hindley, sexually abused and murdered young children and teens, then buried their bodies along the Saddleworth Moor, in what became known as the Moors Murders. Ian Bradys Childhood Years Ian Brady (birth name, Ian Duncan Stewart) was born on January 2, 1938, in Glasgow, Scotland. His mother, Peggy Stewart, was a 28-year-old single mother who worked as a waitress. His fathers identity is unknown. Unable to afford proper care for her son, Brady was placed in the care of Mary and John Sloan when he was four months old. Stewart continued to visit her son until he was 12, although she did not tell him she was his mother. Brady was a troublesome child and prone to throwing angry tantrums. The Sloans had four other children, and despite their efforts to make Brady feel he was part of their family, he remained distant and was unable to engage with others. A Troubled Teen Early on, despite his disciplinary problems, Brady demonstrated an above average intelligence. At age 12, he was accepted to Shawlands Academy in Glasgow, which was a secondary school for above-average students. Known for its pluralism, the academy offered Brady and environment, where despite his background, he could blend in with the multicultural and diverse student population. Brady was smart, but his laziness shadowed his academic success. He continued to detach himself from his peers and the normal activities of his age group. The only subject that seemed to captivate his interest was World War II. He became enthralled by the human atrocities that took place in Nazi Germany.   A Criminal Emerges By age 15, Brady had been to juvenile court twice for petty burglary. Forced to leave Shawlands Academy, he began working at a Govan shipyard. Within a year, he was arrested again for a series of small crimes, including threatening his girlfriend with a knife. To avoid being sent to a reform school, the courts agreed to place Brady on probation, but with the condition that he go and live with his birth mother. At the time, Peggy Stewart and her new husband Patrick Brady lived in Manchester. Brady moved in with the couple and took on his step-fathers name in an effort to solidify the feeling of being part of a family unit. Patrick worked as a fruit merchant and he helped Brady find a job at the Smithfield Market. For Brady, it was his chance to start a new life, but it did not last long. Brady remained a loner. His interest in sadism intensified by reading books on torture and sadomasochism, particularly the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and Marquis de Sade. Within a year, he was arrested again for theft and sentenced to two years in a reformatory. No longer interested in making a legitimate living, he used the time of his incarceration to educate himself about crime.   Brady and Myra Hindley Brady was released from the reformatory in November 1957 and he moved back to his mothers home in Manchester. He had various labor-intensive jobs, all of which he hated. Deciding he needed a desk job, he taught himself bookkeeping with training manuals he obtained from the public library. At age 20, he got an entry-level bookkeeping job at Millwards Merchandising in Gorton. Brady was a reliable, yet a fairly unremarkable employee. Other than being known for having a bad temper, not much office chatter was spilled in his direction, with one exception. One of the secretaries, 20-year-old Myra Hindley, had a deep crush on him and tried various ways to get his attention. He responded to her much like he did everyone around him -- disinterested, detached and somewhat superior. After a year of being a relentless flirt, Myra finally got Brady to notice her and he asked her out on a date. From that point on, the two were inseparable. Myra Hindley Myra Hindley was raised in an impoverished home with abusive parents. Her father was an ex-military alcoholic and tough disciplinarian. He believed in an eye-for-an-eye and at an early age taught Hindley how to fight. To win her fathers approval, which she desperately wanted, she would physically confront the male bullies at school, often leaving them bruised and with swollen eyes. As Hindley got older she seemed to break the mold and she gained a reputation as being a somewhat shy and reserved young woman. At the age of 16, she began taking instructions for her formal reception into the Catholic Church and had her first communion in 1958. Friends and neighbors described Hindley as being reliable, good and trustworthy. The Relationship It took just one date for Brady and Hindley to realize that they were soul mates. In their relationship, Brady took the role of the teacher and Hindley was the  dutiful student. Together they would read Nietzsche, Mein Kampf and de Sade. They spent hours watching x-rated movies and looking at pornographic magazines. Hindley quit attending church services when Brady told her there was no God. Brady was Hindleys first lover and she was often left to tend to her bruises and bite marks that came during their lovemaking sessions. He would occasionally drug her, then pose her body in various pornographic positions and take pictures that he would then share with her later. Hindley became fixated on being Aryan and dyed her hair blonde. She changed her style of clothing based on Bradys desires. She distanced herself from friends and family and often avoided answering questions about her relationship with Brady. As Bradys control over Hindley increased, so did his outrages demands, which she would make every effort to satisfy without question. For Brady, it meant he had found a partner who was willing to venture into a sadistic, macabre world where rape and murder was the ultimate pleasure. For Hindley it meant experiencing pleasure from their perverse and brutal world, yet avoiding the guilt for those desires since she was under Bradys control. July 12, 1963 Pauline Reade, age 16, was walking down the street at around 8 p.m. when Hindley pulled over in a van she was driving and asked her to help her find a glove that she had lost. Reade was friends with Hindleys younger sister and agreed to help. According to Hindley, she drove to the Saddleworth Moor and Brady met the two shortly afterward. He took Reade onto the moor where he beat, raped and murdered her by slashing her throat, and then together they buried the body.  According to Brady, Hindley participated in the sexual assault. November 23, 1963 John Kilbride, age 12, was at a market in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, when he accepted a ride home from Brady and Hindley. They took him to the moor where Brady raped then strangled the boy to death. June 16, 1964 Keith Bennett, age 12, was walking to his grandmothers house when Hindley approached him and asked for his help in loading boxes into her truck, and where Brady was waiting. They offered to drive the boy to his grandmothers house, but instead they took him to Saddleworth Moor where Brady led him to a gully, then raped, beat and strangled him to death, then buried him. December 26, 1964 Lesley Ann Downey, age 10, was celebrating Boxing Day at the fairgrounds when Hindley and Brady approached her and asked her to help them load packages into their car and then into their house. Once inside the house, the couple undressed and gagged the child, forced her to pose for pictures, then raped and strangled her to death. The following day they buried her body on the moors. Maureen and David Smith Hindleys younger sister Maureen and her husband David Smith started hanging around with Hindley and Brady, especially after they moved close to one another. Smith was no stranger to crime and he and Brady would often talk about how they could rob banks together. Smith also admired Bradys political knowledge and Brady enjoyed the attention. He took on the role of mentor and would read Smith passages of Mein Kampf  much as he had with Myra when they first began dating. Unknown to Smith, Bradys real intentions went beyond feeding the younger mans intellect. He was actually priming Smith so that he would eventually participate in the couples ghastly crimes. As it turned out, Bradys belief that he could manipulate Smith into becoming a willing partner was dead wrong. October 6, 1965 Edward Evans, age 17, was lured from Manchester Central to Hindley and Bradys home with the promise of relaxation and wine. Brady had seen Evans before in a gay bar he had cruised looking for victims. Introducing Hindley as his sister, the three drove to Hindley and Bradys home, which would ultimately become the scene of where Evans would suffer a horrific death. A Witness Comes Forward In the early morning hours of October 7, 1965, David Smith, armed with a kitchen knife, walked to a public phone and called the police station to report a murder that he had witnessed earlier in the evening.   He told the officer on duty that he was in Hindley and Bradys home when he saw Brady attack a young man with an ax, repeatedly striking him while the man screamed in agony. Shocked and frightened that he would become their next victim, Smith helped the couple clean up the blood, then wrapped the victim in a sheet and placed it in an upstairs bedroom. He then promised to return the next evening to help them dispose of the body. The Evidence Within hours of Smiths call, the police searched the Brady home and found Evans body. Under interrogation, Brady insisted that he and Evans got into a fight and that he and Smith murdered Evans and that Hindley was not involved. Brady was arrested for murder and Hindley was arrested four days later as an accessory to murder. Pictures Dont Lie David Smith told the investigators that Brady had stuffed items into a suitcase, but that he did not know where it was hidden. He suggested that maybe it was at the railway station. The police searched the lockers at Manchester Central and found the suitcase which contained pornographic pictures of a young girl and a tape recording of her screaming for help. The girl in the pictures and on the tape was identified as Lesley Ann Downey. The name, John Kilbride, was also found written in a book. There were several hundred pictures in the couples home, including several taken on Saddleworth Moor. Suspecting that the couple had been involved in some of the cases of missing children, a search party of the moors was organized. During the search, the bodies of Lesley Ann Downey and John Kilbride were found. Trial and Sentencing Brady was charged with murdering Edward Evans, John Kilbride, and Lesley Ann Downey. Hindley was charged with murdering Edward Evans and Lesley Ann Downey, and for harboring Brady after she knew he had killed John Kilbride. Both Brady and Hindley pleaded not guilty. David Smith was the prosecutors number one witness until it was discovered that he had entered into a monetary agreement with a newspaper for the exclusive rights to his story if the couple was found guilty. Prior to the trial, the newspaper had paid for the Smiths to go on a trip to France and provided them with a weekly income. They also paid for Smith to stay in a five-star hotel during the trial. Under duress, Smith finally disclosed the News of the World as the newspaper. On the witness stand, Brady admitted to hitting Evans with the ax, but not doing it with the intention of murdering him.   After listening to the tape recording of Lesley Ann Downey and clearly hearing the voices of Brady and Hindley in the background, Hindley admitted that she was brusque and cruel in her treatment of the child because she was afraid that someone might hear her screams. As to the other crimes committed on the child, Hindley claimed to be in another room or looking out of the window. On May 6, 1966, the jury took two hours of deliberation before returning a verdict of guilty of all charges for both Brady and Hindley.  Brady was sentenced to three terms of life imprisonment and Hindley received two life sentences and a concurrent seven-year sentence. Later Confessions and Discoveries After spending almost 20 years in prison, Brady allegedly confessed to the murders of Pauline Reade and Keith Bennett, while he was being interviewed by a newspaper journalist. Based on that information, the police reopened their investigation, but when they went to interview Brady he was described as scornful and uncooperative. In November 1986, Hindley received a letter from Winnie Johnson, Keith Bennetts mother, in which she begged Hindley to give her any information about what happened to her son. As a result, Hindley agreed to look at photos and maps to identify places she had been with Brady. Later Hindley was taken to Saddleworth Moor but was unable to identify anything that helped the investigation of the missing children. On February 10, 1987, Hindley made a taped confession to her involvement in the murders of Pauline Reade, John Kilbride, Keith Bennett, Lesley Ann Downey, and Edward Evans. She did not confess to being present during the actual murders of any of the victims. When Brady was told of Hindleys confession he did not believe it.  But once he was given details that only he and Hindley knew, he knew that she had confessed. He also agreed to confess, but with a condition that could not be met, which was a way to kill himself after confessing. Hindley again visited the moor in March 1987, and although she was able to confirm that the area that was being searched was on target, she could not identify the exact locations of where the children were buried. On July 1, 1987, Pauline Reades body was found buried in a shallow grave, close to where Brady had buried Lesley Ann Downey.   Two days later, Brady was taken to the moor but claimed that the landscape had changed too much and he was unable to help in the search for Keith Bennetts body. The following month the search was called off indefinitely.   Aftermath Ian Brady spent the first 19 years of his incarceration at Durham Prison. In November 1985, he was moved to the Ashworth Psychiatric Hospital after being diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. Myra Hindley suffered a brain aneurysm in 1999 and died in prison on November 15, 2002, from complications brought on by heart disease. Reportedly, over 20 undertakers refused to cremate her remains. The case of Brady and Hindley is considered one of the most grisly serial crimes in Great Britain history.